| Considering the strong heterogeneity, the multiple-scale characterization and evaluation of carbonate reservoir has been studied in order to meet the needs in different stages of exploration and development. Lower Triassic Feixianguan Formation in Chuandong-Exi area, Middle Ordovician Yijianfang Formation in Tarim Basin, and Lower Cambrian Longwangmiao Formation in Sichuan Basin were taken as examples to clarify the advances of reservoir-modeling, heterogeneity characterization and evaluation at macro scale, reservoir scale, and micro scale. With the advance in digital data collection of flat outcrop, the reservoir modeling and characterization at macro scale mainly reveals the distribution of reservoir and non-reservoir geo-bodies, and the reservoir distribution in sequence stratigraphy framework, which could constrain the seismic reservoir prediction in the early stage of exploration. By means of importing the digitized outcrop modeling, the reservoir modeling and characterization at reservoir scale is able to characterize the heterogeneity in single reservoir geo-body, and present the distribution pattern of flow unit and barriers, which is important in the prediction of effective reservoir, oil and/or gas distribution in reservoir, and well deployment. With the advance in logging and seismic templates of permeable and barrier layers, reservoir characterization at micro scale can reveal the differences in pore-throat structure and their controls on percolation feature in flow units as well as the productivity and recovery. |
